Weightless Neural Networks for Continuously Trainable Personalized Recommendation Systems
Abstract
Given that conventional recommenders, while deeply effective, rely on large distributed systems pre-trained on aggregate user data, incorporating new data necessitates large training cycles, making them slow to adapt to real-time user feedback and often lacking transparency in recommendation rationale. We explore the performance of smaller personal models trained on per-user data using weightless neural networks (WNNs), an alternative to neural backpropagation that enable continuous learning by using neural networks as a state machine rather than a system with pretrained weights. We contrast our approach against a classic weighted system, also on a per-user level, and standard collaborative filtering, achieving competitive levels of accuracy on a subset of the MovieLens dataset. We close with a discussion of how weightless systems can be developed to augment centralized systems to achieve higher subjective accuracy through recommenders more directly tunable by end-users.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.05499,
title = {Weightless Neural Networks for Continuously Trainable Personalized Recommendation Systems},
author = {Rafayel Latif and Satwik Behera and Ali Al-Ebrahim},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.05499},
year = {2025}
}