HWO's Tier 1 Contrast Stability Technology Gap presents a key challenge for technology development in the coming years, requiring to a >100x more stable system than JWST. WaveDriver is a concept for a laser guide star spacecraft coupled to an adaptive optics (AO) system onboard HWO that would enable HWO to reach its picometer-level wavefront stability requirements while relaxing other HWO subsystem requirements. At LLNL and UCSC we are revisiting the concept initially proposed by Douglas et al. (2019). We present results from our project's first year, including (1) AO control developments, including with Linear Quadratic Gaussian control and machine learning, (2) AO wavefront sensor (WFS) trade study simulations, and (3) simulations, fabrication, and testing of a 133-port photonic lantern WFS/spectrograph. A key finding from our work is that WaveDriver could be needed to enable HWO's primary mirror segment stability and/or low order wavefront stability requirements.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.18643,
title = {WaveDriver: a Laser Guide Star AO System for HWO},
author = {Benjamin L. Gerard and Alex Geringer-Sameth and Aditya R. Sengupta and Alexx Perloff and Michael Messerley and Dominic F. Sanchez and P. Waswa and William Moore and Matthew Cook and Eric Strang and Paul Pax and Cesar Laguna and Matthew DeMartino and Kevin Bundy and Rebecca Jensen-Clem and Aaron J. Lemmer and S. Mark Ammons and Lisa Poyneer and Megan Eckart},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.18643},
year = {2026}
}