English

Visualizing the Odd-parity Superconducting Order Parameter and its Quasiparticle Surface Band in UTe2

Superconductivity 2026-03-24 v1

Abstract

A distinctive identifier of nodal intrinsic topological superconductivity (ITS) would the appearance of an Andreev bound state on crystal surfaces parallel to the nodal axis, in the form of a topological quasiparticle surface band (QSB) appearing only for T<TCT < T_C. Moreover, theory shows that specific QSB characteristics observable in tunneling to an s-wave superconductor can distinguish between chiral and non-chiral ITS order parameter Δk\Delta_k. To search for such phenomena in UTe2\text{UTe}_2, s-wave superconductive scan-tip scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging was employed. It reveals an intense zero-energy Andreev conductance maximum at the UTe2\text{UTe}_2 (0-11) crystal termination. Development of the zero-energy Andreev conductance peak into two finite-energy particle-hole symmetric conductance maxima as the tunnel barrier is reduced, then signifies that UTe2\text{UTe}_2 superconductivity is non-chiral. Quasiparticle interference imaging (QPI) for an ITS material should be dominated by the QSB for energies within the superconductive energy gap EΔ|E| \le \Delta, so that bulk Δ(k)\Delta(k) characteristics of the ITS can only be detected excursively. Again using a superconducting scan-tip, the in-gap quasiparticle interference patterns of the QSB of UTe2\text{UTe}_2 were visualized. Specifically, a band of Bogoliubov quasiparticles appears as a characteristic sextet qiq_i :i=16i = 1-6 of interference wavevectors showing that QSB dispersions k(E)k(E) occur only for energies EΔmax|E| \le \Delta_{max} and only within the range of Fermi momenta projected onto the (0-11) crystal surface. In combination, these phenomena are consistent with a bulk Δ(k)\Delta(k) exhibiting spin triplet, time-reversal conserving, odd-parity, a-axis nodal, B3uB_{3u} symmetry in UTe2\text{UTe}_2.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.02490,
  title  = {Visualizing the Odd-parity Superconducting Order Parameter and its Quasiparticle Surface Band in UTe2},
  author = {Shuqiu Wang and J. C. Séamus Davis},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.02490},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

27 pages, 6 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:32:33.566Z