Unimodular Fake Mobius Functions
Number Theory
2026-01-01 v2
Abstract
We study \emph{unimodular fake} μ′s, i.e. multiplicative functions f:N→S1∪{0} determined by a fixed sequence {εk}k≥0⊂S1∪{0} via the rule f(pk)=εk for every prime p and k≥0. The Dirichlet series of a given f admits the Euler product Ff(s)=n≥1∑nsf(n)=p∏gf(p−s),gf(u)=k≥0∑εkuk, and the canonical zeta-factorization Ff(s)=ζ(s)zζ(2s)wGf(s),z=ε1, w=ε2−2ε1(ε1+1), where Gf(s) is a holomorphic Euler product on ℜs>1/3. Assuming the Riemann hypothesis and Simple Zeros Conjecture, we derive an explicit formula for Afexp(x)=∑n≥1f(n)e−n/x of the form Afexp(x)−Δ1(x;z,w)=Δ1/2(x;z,w)+ρ∑Δρ(x;z,w,f)+E(x). To our knowledge, our expansion is the first extension of the Selberg-Delange method for Dirichlet series of the form ζ(s)zζ(2s)wG(s) that, beyond the main term from s=1, also extracts lower-order contributions from the singularities on the critical line ℜ(s)=1/2. On the other hand, we introduce a notion of \emph{bias} at the natural scale x1/2(\Logx)w−1 and obtain an explicit criterion distinguishing \emph{persistent}, \emph{apparent}, and \emph{unbiased} behavior in this regime.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2512.18936,
title = {Unimodular Fake Mobius Functions},
author = {Ali Saraeb},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.18936},
year = {2026}
}