In this paper, we explore a novel approach that leverages retrofitting to create sensor-powered smart car cabins. We propose that retrofitting offers a promising way to complement and extend the capabilities of built-in smart cabin sensors provided by car manufacturers. To understand how retrofitting solutions should be designed, we conducted a two-phase study. First, through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants, we examined challenges with built-in smart cabin sensors and identified opportunities where retrofitting could address these limitations. Second, through probe-based participatory design sessions with 15 participants, we identified user requirements and expectations for effective retrofit solutions. Based on our findings, we present a set of design recommendations to guide the future development of retrofit methods for smart car cabins.
@article{arxiv.2603.07044,
title = {Understanding User Requirements for Creating Sensor-Powered Smart Car Cabins Through Retrofitting},
author = {Bofan Yu and Borui Li and Tingyu Zhang and Xing-Dong Yang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.07044},
year = {2026}
}