English

The Milky Way Bulge

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2024-12-03 v1

Abstract

This chapter reviews the three-dimensional structure, age, kinematics, and chemistry of the Milky Way (MW) region within ~2 kpc from its center (hereafter referred to as the 'bulge') from an observational perspective. While not exhaustive in citations, this review provides historical context and discusses the main controversies and limitations in the current consensus. The nuclear bulge region, within \sim200 pc from the Galactic center, has been excluded from this review. This very complex region, hosting dense molecular clouds and active star formation, would deserve a dedicated paper.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.01607,
  title  = {The Milky Way Bulge},
  author = {Manuela Zoccali and Elena Valenti},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.01607},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

This is a pre-print of a chapter for the Encyclopedia of Astrophysics (edited by I. Mandel, section editor S. McGee) to be published by Elsevier as a Reference Module

R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:19:54.713Z