English

The existence of square non-integer Heffter arrays

Combinatorics 2018-08-09 v1

Abstract

A Heffter array H(n;k)H(n;k) is an n×nn\times n matrix such that each row and column contains kk filled cells, each row and column sum is divisible by 2nk+12nk+1 and either xx or x-x appears in the array for each integer 1xnk1\leq x\leq nk. Heffter arrays are useful for embedding the graph K2nk+1K_{2nk+1} on an orientable surface. An integer Heffter array is one in which each row and column sum is 00. Necessary and sufficient conditions (on nn and kk) for the existence of an integer Heffter array H(n;k)H(n;k) were verified by Archdeacon, Dinitz, Donovan and Yaz\i c\i \ (2015) and Dinitz and Wanless (2017). In this paper we consider square Heffter arrays that are not necessarily integer. We show that such Heffter arrays exist whenever 3k<n3\leq k<n.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1808.02588,
  title  = {The existence of square non-integer Heffter arrays},
  author = {Nicholas J. Cavenagh and Jeff Dinitz and Diane Donovan and Sule Yazıcı},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02588},
  year   = {2018}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T03:27:25.601Z