English

The complexity of positive first-order logic without equality

Logic in Computer Science 2010-03-04 v1 Computational Complexity

Abstract

We study the complexity of evaluating positive equality-free sentences of first-order (FO) logic over a fixed, finite structure B. This may be seen as a natural generalisation of the non-uniform quantified constraint satisfaction problem QCSP(B). We introduce surjective hyper-endomorphisms and use them in proving a Galois connection that characterises definability in positive equality-free FO. Through an algebraic method, we derive a complete complexity classification for our problems as B ranges over structures of size at most three. Specifically, each problem is either in Logspace, is NP-complete, is co-NP-complete or is Pspace-complete.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1003.0802,
  title  = {The complexity of positive first-order logic without equality},
  author = {Florent Madelaine and Barnaby Martin},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1003.0802},
  year   = {2010}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-21T14:53:20.264Z