English

The complete classification for quantified equality constraints

Computational Complexity 2026-05-22 v3 Logic in Computer Science Logic

Abstract

We prove that QCSP(N;x=yy=z)(\mathbb{N};x=y\rightarrow y=z) is PSpace-complete, settling a question open for more than ten years. This completes the complexity classification for the QCSP over equality languages as a trichotomy between Logspace, NP-complete and PSpace-complete. We additionally settle the classification for bounded alternation QCSP(Γ)(\Gamma), for Γ\Gamma an equality language. Such problems are either in Logspace, NP-complete, co-NP-complete or rise in complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2104.00406,
  title  = {The complete classification for quantified equality constraints},
  author = {Dmitriy Zhuk and Barnaby Martin and Michal Wrona},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.00406},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-24T00:46:11.991Z