English

The closure-complement-frontier problem in saturated polytopological spaces

General Topology 2025-09-22 v3 Combinatorics

Abstract

Let XX be a space equipped with nn topologies τ1,...,τn\tau_1,...,\tau_n which are pairwise comparable and saturated, and for each 1in1\leq i\leq n let kik_i and fif_i be the associated topological closure and frontier operators, respectively. Inspired by the closure-complement theorem of Kuratowski, we prove that the monoid of set operators KFn\mathcal{KF}_n generated by {ki,fi:1in}{c}\{k_i,f_i:1\leq i\leq n\}\cup\{c\} (where cc denotes the set complement operator) has cardinality no more than 2p(n)2p(n) where p(n)=524n4+3712n3+7924n2+10112n+2p(n)=\frac{5}{24}n^4+\frac{37}{12}n^3+\frac{79}{24}n^2+\frac{101}{12}n+2. The bound is sharp in the following sense: for each nn there exists a saturated polytopological space (X,τ1,...,τn)(X,\tau_1,...,\tau_n) and a subset AXA\subseteq X such that repeated application of the operators ki,fi,ck_i, f_i, c to AA will yield exactly 2p(n)2p(n) distinct sets. In particular, following the tradition for Kuratowski-type problems, we exhibit an explicit initial set in R\mathbb{R}, equipped with the usual and Sorgenfrey topologies, which yields 2p(2)=1202p(2)=120 distinct sets under the action of the monoid KF2\mathcal{KF}_2.

Cite

@article{arxiv.1907.08203,
  title  = {The closure-complement-frontier problem in saturated polytopological spaces},
  author = {Sara Canilang and Michael P. Cohen and Nicolas Graese and Ian Seong},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.08203},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

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R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:24:38.829Z