English

The $abc$ conjecture is true almost always

Number Theory 2025-05-21 v1 Algebraic Geometry Combinatorics

Abstract

Let rad(n){\rm rad}(n) denote the product of distinct prime factors of an integer n1n\geq 1. The celebrated abcabc conjecture asks whether every solution to the equation a+b=ca+b=c in triples of coprime integers (a,b,c)(a,b,c) must satisfy rad(abc)>Kεc1ε{\rm rad}(abc) > K_\varepsilon\, c^{1-\varepsilon}, for some constant Kε>0K_\varepsilon>0. In this expository note, we present a classical estimate of de Bruijn that implies almost all such triples satisfy the abcabc conjecture, in a precise quantitative sense. Namely, there are at most O(N2/3)O(N^{2/3}) many triples of coprime integers in a cube (a,b,c){1,,N}3(a,b,c)\in\{1,\ldots,N\}^3 satisfying a+b=ca+b=c and rad(abc)<c1ε{\rm rad}(abc) < c^{1-\varepsilon}. The proof is elementary and essentially self-contained. Beyond revisiting a classical argument for its own sake, this exposition is aimed to contextualize a new result of Browning, Lichtman, and Ter\"av\"ainen, who prove a refined estimate O(N33/50)O(N^{33/50}), giving the first power-savings since 1962.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.13991,
  title  = {The $abc$ conjecture is true almost always},
  author = {Jared Duker Lichtman},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.13991},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

4 pages. arXiv admin note: expository paper

R2 v1 2026-07-01T02:24:09.651Z