English

Teaching Magnetism with Bivectors

Physics Education 2024-11-26 v2

Abstract

The magnetic field is traditionally presented as a (pseudo)vector quantity, tied closely to the cross product. Though familiar to experts, many students find these ideas challenging and full of subtleties. Building on earlier work in rotational physics, we present an alternative pedagogical approach that describes magnetic fields using bivectors. These objects can be visualized as oriented tiles whose components form an antisymmetric matrix. Historically, bivectors have been mostly used in specialized contexts like spacetime classification or geometric algebra, but they are not necessarily more complicated to understand than cross products. Teaching magnetism in this language addresses common student difficulties, generalizes directly to relativity (and extra dimensions), and brings fresh insight to familiar ideas.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2309.02548,
  title  = {Teaching Magnetism with Bivectors},
  author = {Steuard Jensen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.02548},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

16 pages, 17 figures. (Revised version accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics, with supplemental appendices included.) Reference material in App. D was also included in an earlier article. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.03560

R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:13:36.805Z