English

Sophomore's dream function: asymptotics, complex plane behavior and relation to the error function

Classical Analysis and ODEs 2026-02-09 v7 History and Overview

Abstract

Sophomore's dream sum S=n=1nnS=\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-n} is extended to the function f(t,a)=t01(ax)txdxf(t,a)=t\int_{0}^{1}(ax)^{-tx}dx with f(1,1)=Sf(1,1)=S. Asymptotic behavior for a large t|t| is obtained, which is exponential for t>0t>0 and t<0,a>1t<0,a>1, and inverse-logarithmic for t<0,a<1t<0,a<1. An advanced approximation includes a half-derivative of the exponent and is expressed in terms of the error function. This approach provides excellent interpolation description in the complex plane. The function f(t,a)f(t,a) demonstrates for a>1a>1 oscillating behavior along the imaginary axis with slowly increasing amplitude and the period of 2πiea2\pi iea, modulation by high-frequency oscillations being present. Also, f(t,a)f(t,a) has non-trivial zeros in the left complex half-plane with Imtn2(n1/8)πe/at_n \simeq 2(n-1/8)\pi e/a for a1a \geq 1. The results obtained describe analytical integration of the function xtxx^{tx}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2501.10936,
  title  = {Sophomore's dream function: asymptotics, complex plane behavior and relation to the error function},
  author = {V. Yu. Irkhin},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.10936},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

18 pages, a power-law generalization is added in Sect. 6

R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:10:28.593Z