English

Shrinking Without Doing Much At All

Geometric Topology 2025-08-20 v2

Abstract

In 1952 Bing astonished the mathematical world with his wild involution on S3S^3. It has been among the most seminal examples in topology. The example depends on finding shrinking homeomorphisms of Bing's decomposition of S3S^3 into points and arcs. If Bing's original homeomorphisms are varied, Bing's original wild involution changes by conjugation, which preserves some analytic properties \cite{fs22} while altering others. In 1988, Bing published a second paper "Shrinking Without Lengthening," answering a question that one of the present authors posed to him in an effort to understand the geometry of the entire conjugacy class. In this paper we produce a counterintuitive construction, namely, a method to shrink the Bing decomposition doing almost nothing at all--neither lengthening much nor rotating much.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2209.07630,
  title  = {Shrinking Without Doing Much At All},
  author = {Michael Freedman and Michael Starbird},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.07630},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T01:24:29.955Z