English

Semantic Fusion with Fuzzy-Membership Features for Controllable Language Modelling

Artificial Intelligence 2025-09-18 v1

Abstract

We propose semantic fusion, a lightweight scheme that augments a Transformer language model (LM) with a parallel, fuzzy-membership feature channel that encodes token-level semantics. Each token is represented by a vector of interpretable features (e.g. part-of-speech cues, shallow roles, boundary flags, sentiment polarity and strength) whose values are graded degrees from differentiable membership functions (e.g. power kernels). These per-token vectors form a sentence-level semantic matrix fused via a gated adapter into the LM. Training uses standard next-token prediction, an auxiliary loss that reconstructs the semantic features from hidden states, and a lightweight uniformizer that regularizes adjective-class distributions. On a synthetic two-clause corpus with held-out adjectives for out-of-distribution (OOD) control, semantic fusion improves perplexity and enables precise, user-controllable generation of polarity and punctuation while maintaining model simplicity. This approach adds only small overhead, remains fully compatible with tied input-output embeddings, and provides an interpretable pathway for conditioned natural language generation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.13357,
  title  = {Semantic Fusion with Fuzzy-Membership Features for Controllable Language Modelling},
  author = {Yongchao Huang and Hassan Raza},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.13357},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

16 pages

R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:40:18.333Z