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Scalar conformal primary fields in the Brownian loop soup

Mathematical Physics 2023-01-04 v2 Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Theory math.MP Probability

Abstract

The Brownian loop soup is a conformally invariant statistical ensemble of random loops in two dimensions characterized by an intensity λ>0\lambda>0, with central charge c=2λc=2 \lambda. Recent progress resulted in an analytic form for the four-point function of a class of scalar conformal primary "layering vertex operators" Oβ\mathcal{O}_{\beta} with dimensions (Δ,Δ)(\Delta, \Delta), with Δ=λ10(1cosβ)\Delta = \frac{\lambda}{10}(1-\cos\beta), that compute certain statistical properties of the model. The Virasoro conformal block expansion of the four-point function revealed the existence of a new set of operators with dimensions (Δ+k/3,Δ+k/3)(\Delta+ k/3, \Delta + k'/3), for all non-negative integers k,kk, k' satisfying kk=0|k-k'| = 0 mod 3. In this paper we introduce the edge counting field E(z)\mathcal E(z) that counts the number of loop boundaries that pass close to the point zz. We rigorously prove that the nn-point functions of E\mathcal E are well defined and behave as expected for a conformal primary field with dimensions (1/3,1/3)(1/3, 1/3). We analytically compute the four-point function Oβ(z1)Oβ(z2)E(z3)E(z4)\langle \mathcal{O}_{\beta}(z_1) \mathcal{O}_{-\beta}(z_2) \mathcal{E}(z_3) \mathcal{E}(z_4) \rangle and analyze its conformal block expansion. The operator product expansions of E×E\mathcal{E} \times \mathcal{E} and E×Oβ\mathcal{E} \times \mathcal{O}_{\beta} produce higher-order edge operators with "charge" β\beta and dimensions (Δ+k/3,Δ+k/3)(\Delta + k/3, \Delta + k/3). Hence, we have explicitly identified all scalar primary operators among the new set mentioned above. We also re-compute the central charge by an independent method based on the operator product expansion and find agreement with previous methods.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2109.12116,
  title  = {Scalar conformal primary fields in the Brownian loop soup},
  author = {Federico Camia and Valentino F. Foit and Alberto Gandolfi and Matthew Kleban},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.12116},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

40 pages, 2 figures, clarified the relation to the scaling limit of critical percolation, corrected definition (2.3) and equations depending on it, corrected proof of Lemma 2.2, added Lemma A.2

R2 v1 2026-06-24T06:18:24.182Z