English

RotCurves: A PYTHON package for efficient modelling and fitting of galactic rotation curves at high-z

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2026-02-05 v1 Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Abstract

Rotation curves are a fundamental tool in the study of galaxies across cosmic time, and with the advent of large integral field unit (IFU) kinematic surveys there is an increasing need for efficient and flexible modelling tools. We present RotCurves, a parametric forward-modeling tool designed for rotation curve analysis at high-z, correcting for ``beam smearing" by projecting and convolving the beam PSF in the plane of the galaxy. We benchmark RotCurves against the established parametric code dysmalpy using synthetic observations. The typical runtime with RotCurves is a few ~10ms, a factor 250 faster than dysmalpy for a single realization. For well-resolved systems (PSF FWHM < Reff), the mock observed rotation and dispersion curves agree to within 5% up to 3Reff, where most of the discrepancies are in the inner disk. whereas in marginally resolved systems (PSF FWHM > 1.5 Reff) discrepancies increase to up to 15%. Using a built-in MCMC fitting procedure, RotCurves recovers well the intrinsic model parameters across a wide range of galaxy properties and accounting for realistic noise patterns. Systematic biases emerge for the effective radius and for low disk masses (Mdisk < 3x10^9 Msun). We show excellent parameter recovery at high signal-to-noise ratios (S/N > 25), with increasing deviations in parameter recovery at lower S/N. RotCurves is best suited for inclinations of 10 < i < 80. RotCurves is built as an exploratory tool for rapid testing of mass model assumptions, parameter studies and for efficiently processing large samples of observational data from large IFU surveys. The code is publicly available on github.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.08348,
  title  = {RotCurves: A PYTHON package for efficient modelling and fitting of galactic rotation curves at high-z},
  author = {A. Nestor Shachar and A. Sternberg and S. H. Price and N. M. Förster Schreiber and R. Genzel and L. J. Tacconi and H. Übler and C. Barfety and A. Burkert and J. Chen and R. Davies and F. Eisenhauer and J. M. Espejo Salcedo and R. Herrera-Camus and J. B. Jolly and L. L. Lee and T. Naab and S. Pastras and C. Pulsoni and T. T. Shimizu and G. Tozzi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.08348},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

30 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to MNRAS

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:02:25.862Z