Robust certification of high-dimensional quantum devices
Abstract
Certifying quantum behavior from classically accessible data is essential for secure communication and scalable quantum technologies. While powerful certification methods such as Bell nonlocality and quantum steering exist, their implementation typically requires entanglement or additional assumptions, and experimental demonstrations mainly focus on low-dimensional systems. In minimal prepare-and-measure scenarios, where a sender encodes information into quantum states and a receiver performs a single measurement, robust certification becomes particularly challenging, especially in the presence of noise and in higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Here, we propose, design, and experimentally implement a protocol that certifies quantumness between two distant parties without the need for preshared resources or measurement incompatibility. The experiments are carried out using the orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom of single photons, chosen for providing increased dimensionality that is scalable. We demonstrate the robustness of the protocol through rank-stability analysis of the observed correlations, which enables the certification of non-classicality even in the presence of noise. Our results provide a practical route to validate high-dimensional quantum communication systems and open new possibilities for secure and dimension-efficient quantum information processing.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.04338,
title = {Robust certification of high-dimensional quantum devices},
author = {Javier Fernández and Albert Rico and David Viedma and Evelyn A. Ortega and Valerio Pruneri and Adam Vallés and Verònica Ahufinger and Anna Sanpera and Some S. Bhattacharya},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.04338},
year = {2026}
}