English

Representing Matroids over the Reals is $\exists \mathbb R$-complete

Computational Complexity 2024-08-21 v4 Combinatorics

Abstract

A matroid MM is an ordered pair (E,I)(E,I), where EE is a finite set called the ground set and a collection I2EI\subset 2^{E} called the independent sets which satisfy the conditions: (i) I\emptyset \in I, (ii) IIII'\subset I \in I implies III'\in I, and (iii) I1,I2II_1,I_2 \in I and I1<I2|I_1| < |I_2| implies that there is an eI2e\in I_2 such that I1{e}II_1\cup \{e\} \in I. The rank rank(M)rank(M) of a matroid MM is the maximum size of an independent set. We say that a matroid M=(E,I)M=(E,I) is representable over the reals if there is a map φ ⁣:ERrank(M)\varphi \colon E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{rank(M)} such that III\in I if and only if φ(I)\varphi(I) forms a linearly independent set. We study the problem of matroid realizability over the reals. Given a matroid MM, we ask whether there is a set of points in the Euclidean space representing MM. We show that matroid realizability is R\exists \mathbb R-complete, already for matroids of rank 3. The complexity class R\exists \mathbb R can be defined as the family of algorithmic problems that is polynomial-time is equivalent to determining if a multivariate polynomial with integers coefficients has a real root. Our methods are similar to previous methods from the literature. Yet, the result itself was never pointed out and there is no proof readily available in the language of computer science.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2301.03221,
  title  = {Representing Matroids over the Reals is $\exists \mathbb R$-complete},
  author = {Eun Jung Kim and Arnaud de Mesmay and Tillmann Miltzow},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.03221},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

v2 and v3: Minor changes v4: Final version, to appear in DMTCS

R2 v1 2026-06-28T08:07:14.118Z