This report summarizes the discussions and recommendations from the NSF Workshop on Algorithm-Hardware Co-design for Medical Applications, held on September 26-27, 2024, in Pittsburgh, PA. The workshop assembled an interdisciplinary cohort of researchers, clinicians, and industry leaders to examine foundational challenges and develop a strategic roadmap for algorithm-hardware co-design in medical computing. The workshop focuses on four thematic areas: (1) teleoperations, telehealth, and surgical operations; (2) wearable and implantable medicine, including implantable living pharmacies; (3) home ICU, hospital systems, and elderly care; and (4) medical sensing, imaging, and reconstruction. This report calls for a fundamental shift in how next-generation medical technologies are conceived, designed, validated, and translated into practice. The report recommends that NSF sustain investment in shared standardized data infrastructures and compute infrastructures, develop clinic workflow-aware systems and human-AI collaboration frameworks, promote scalable validation ecosystems grounded in objective, continuous measures, and physics-informed, and enable safe, accountable, and resilient platforms, including virtual-physical healthcare ecosystems, to de-risk translational pathways. The workshop information can be found on the website: https://sites.google.com/view/nsfworkshop.
@article{arxiv.2603.10976,
title = {Report for NSF Workshop on Algorithm-Hardware Co-design for Medical Applications},
author = {Peipei Zhou and Zheng Dong and Insup Lee and Aidong Zhang and Robert Dick and Majid Sarrafzadeh and Xiaodong Wu and Weisong Shi and Zhuoping Yang and Jingtong Hu and Yiyu Shi},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.10976},
year = {2026}
}