Core-level spectra of 1s electrons of elements heavier than Ne show significant relativistic effects. We combine advances in orbital optimized DFT (OO-DFT) with the spin-free exact two-component (X2C) model for scalar relativistic effects, to study K-edge spectra of third period elements. OO-DFT/X2C is found to be quite accurate at predicting energies, yielding ∼0.5 eV RMS error vs experiment with the modern SCAN (and related) functionals. This marks a significant improvement over the >50 eV deviations that are typical for the popular time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approach. Consequently, experimental spectra are quite well reproduced by OO-DFT/X2C, sans empirical shifts for alignment. OO-DFT/X2C combines high accuracy with ground state DFT cost and is thus a promising route for computing core-level spectra of third period elements. We also explored K and L edges of 3d transition metals to identify limitations of the OO-DFT/X2C approach in modeling the spectra of heavier atoms.
@article{arxiv.2111.08405,
title = {Relativistic Orbital Optimized Density Functional Theory for Accurate Core-Level Spectroscopy},
author = {Leonardo A. Cunha and Diptarka Hait and Richard Kang and Yuezhi Mao and Martin Head-Gordon},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.08405},
year = {2022}
}