Refined $L^p$ restriction estimate for eigenfunctions on Riemannian surfaces

We refine the $L^p$ restriction estimates for Laplace eigenfunctions on a Riemannian surface, originally established by Burq, G\'erard, and Tzvetkov. First, we establish estimates for the restriction of eigenfunctions to arbitrary Borel sets on the surface, following the formulation of Eswarathasan and Pramanik. We achieve this by proving a variable coefficient version of a weighted Fourier extension estimate of Du and Zhang. Our results naturally unify the $L^p(M)$ estimates of Sogge and the $L^p(\gamma)$ restriction bounds of Burq, G\'erard, and Tzvetkov, and are sharp for all $p \geq 2$, up to a $\lambda^\varepsilon$ loss. Second, we derive sharp estimates for the restriction of eigenfunctions to tubular neighborhoods of a curve with non-vanishing geodesic curvature. These estimates are closely related to a variable coefficient version of the Mizohata--Takeuchi conjecture, providing new insights into eigenfunction concentration phenomena.