English

Psyquandles, Singular Knots and Pseudoknots

Geometric Topology 2017-10-25 v1 Quantum Algebra

Abstract

We generalize the notion of biquandles to psyquandles and use these to define invariants of oriented singular links and pseudolinks. In addition to psyquandle counting invariants, we introduce Alexander psyquandles and corresponding invariants such as Alexander psyquandle polynomials and Alexander-Gr\"obner psyquandle invariants of oriented singular knots and links. We consider the relationship between Alexander psyquandle colorings of pseudolinks and p-colorings of pseudolinks. As a special case we define a generalization of the Alexander polynomial for oriented singular links and pseudolinks we call the Jablan polynomial and compute the invariant for all pseudoknots with up to five crossings and all 2-bouquet graphs with up to 6 classical crossings.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1710.08481,
  title  = {Psyquandles, Singular Knots and Pseudoknots},
  author = {Sam Nelson and Natsumi Oyamaguchi and Radmila Sazdanovic},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.08481},
  year   = {2017}
}

Comments

20 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-22T22:23:18.419Z