Prospects for geoneutrino detection with JUNO
High Energy Physics - Experiment
2025-11-11 v1 Geophysics
Abstract
Geoneutrinos, which are antineutrinos emitted during the decay of long-lived radioactive elements inside Earth, serve as a unique tool for studying the composition and heat budget of our planet. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment in China, which has recently completed construction, is expected to collect a sample comparable in size to the entire existing world geoneutrino dataset in less than a year. This paper presents an updated estimation of sensitivity to geoneutrinos of JUNO using the best knowledge available to date about the experimental site, the surrounding nuclear reactors, the detector response uncertainties, and the constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector. To facilitate comparison with present and future geological models, our results cover a wide range of predicted signal strengths. Despite the significant background from reactor antineutrinos, the experiment will measure the total geoneutrino flux with a precision comparable to that of existing experiments within its first few years, ultimately achieving a world-leading precision of about 8% over ten years. The large statistics of JUNO will also allow separation of the Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 contributions with unprecedented precision, providing crucial constraints on models of formation and composition of Earth. Observation of the mantle signal above the lithospheric flux will be possible but challenging. For models with the highest predicted mantle concentrations of heat-producing elements, a 3-sigma detection over six years requires knowledge of the lithospheric flux to within 15%. Together with complementary measurements from other locations, the geoneutrino results of JUNO will offer cutting-edge, high-precision insights into the interior of Earth, of fundamental importance to both the geoscience and neutrino physics communities.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.07227,
title = {Prospects for geoneutrino detection with JUNO},
author = {Thomas Adam and Shakeel Ahmad and Rizwan Ahmed and Fengpeng An and João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André and Costas Andreopoulos and Giuseppe Andronico and Nikolay Anfimov and Vito Antonelli and Tatiana Antoshkina and Didier Auguste and Marcel Büchner and Weidong Bai and Nikita Balashov and Andrea Barresi and Davide Basilico and Eric Baussan and Marco Beretta and Antonio Bergnoli and Nikita Bessonov and Daniel Bick and Lukas Bieger and Svetlana Biktemerova and Thilo Birkenfeld and Simon Blyth and Manuel Boehles and Anastasia Bolshakova and Mathieu Bongrand and Matteo Borghesi and Dominique Breton and Augusto Brigatti and Riccardo Brugnera and Riccardo Bruno and Antonio Budano and Jose Busto and Anatael Cabrera and Barbara Caccianiga and Hao Cai and Xiao Cai and Stéphane Callier and Steven Calvez and Antonio Cammi and Guofu Cao and Jun Cao and Yaoqi Cao and Rossella Caruso and Cédric Cerna and Vanessa Cerrone and Jinfan Chang and Yun Chang and Tim Charisse and Auttakit Chatrabhuti and Chao Chen and Haotian Chen and Jiahui Chen and Jian Chen and Jing Chen and Junyou Chen and Pingping Chen and Shaomin Chen and Shiqiang Chen and Yixue Chen and Yu Chen and Ze Chen and Zhangming Chen and Zhiyuan Chen and Zhongchang Chen and Jie Cheng and Yaping Cheng and Yu Chin Cheng and Alexander Chepurnov and Alexey Chetverikov and Davide Chiesa and Pietro Chimenti and Po-Lin Chou and Ziliang Chu and Artem Chukanov and Gérard Claverie and Catia Clementi and Barbara Clerbaux and Claudio Coletta and Marta Colomer Molla and Chenyang Cui and Ziyan Deng and Xiaoyu Ding and Xuefeng Ding and Yayun Ding and Bayu Dirgantara and Sergey Dmitrievsky and Dmitry Dolzhikov and Chuanshi Dong and Haojie Dong and Jianmeng Dong and Evgeny Doroshkevich and Marcos Dracos and Frédéric Druillole and Ran Du and Shuxian Du and Katherine Dugas and Stefano Dusini and Hongyue Duyang and Jessica Eck and Andrea Fabbri and Ulrike Fahrendholz and Lei Fan and Liangqianjin Fan and Jian Fang and Wenxing Fang and Elia Stanescu Farilla and Dmitry Fedoseev and Li-Cheng Feng and Qichun Feng and Shaoting Feng and Daniela Fetzer and Marcellin Fotzé and Amélie Fournier and Aaron Freegard and Ying Fu and Haonan Gan and Feng Gao and Ruohan Gao and Alberto Garfagnini and Arsenii Gavrikov and Marco Giammarchi and Nunzio Giudice and Maxim Gonchar and Guanda Gong and Guanghua Gong and Yuri Gornushkin and Marco Grassi and Maxim Gromov and Vasily Gromov and Minhao Gu and Xiaofei Gu and Yu Gu and Mengyun Guan and Yuduo Guan and Nunzio Guardone and Rosa Maria Guizzetti and Cong Guo and Wanlei Guo and Caren Hagner and Hechong Han and Yang Han and Chuanhui Hao and Vidhya Thara Hariharan and Miao He and Wei He and Xinhai He and Ziou He and Tobias Heinz and Patrick Hellmuth and Yuekun Heng and YuenKeung Hor and Shaojing Hou and Fatima Houria and Yee Hsiung and Bei-Zhen Hu and Hang Hu and Jun Hu and Tao Hu and Yuxiang Hu and Guihong Huang and Jinhao Huang and Junlin Huang and Junting Huang and Kaixuan Huang and Shengheng Huang and Tao Huang and Xin Huang and Xingtao Huang and Yongbo Huang and Jiaqi Hui and Lei Huo and Cédric Huss and Safeer Hussain and Leonard Imbert and Ara Ioannisian and Adrienne Jacobi and Arshak Jafar and Beatrice Jelmini and Xiangpan Ji and Xiaolu Ji and Junji Jia and Cailian Jiang and Guangzheng Jiang and Junjie Jiang and Xiaoshan Jiang and Xiaozhao Jiang and Yijian Jiang and Yixuan Jiang and Xiaoping Jing and Cécile Jollet and Liam Jones and Li Kang and Narine Kazarian and Ali Khan and Amina Khatun and Khanchai Khosonthongkee and Denis Korablev and Konstantin Kouzakov and Alexey Krasnoperov and Sergey Kuleshov and Sindhujha Kumaran and Nikolay Kutovskiy and Loïc Labit and Tobias Lachenmaier and Haojing Lai and Cecilia Landini and Lorenzo Lastrucci and Sébastien Leblanc and Matthieu Lecocq and Frederic Lefevre and Ruiting Lei and Rupert Leitner and Petr Lenskii and Jason Leung and Demin Li and Fei Li and Gaosong Li and Jiajun Li and Meiou Li and Min Li and Nan Li and Ruhui Li and Rui Li and Shanfeng Li and Teng Li and Weidong Li and Xiaonan Li and Yi Li and Yichen Li and Yifan Li and Yingke Li and Yufeng Li and Zhaohan Li and Zhibing Li and Zhiwei Li and Zi-Ming Li and An-An Liang and Jiajun Liao and Minghua Liao and Yilin Liao and Ayut Limphirat and Bo-Chun Lin and Guey-Lin Lin and Shengxin Lin and Tao Lin and Xingyi Lin and Jiajie Ling and Xin Ling and Ivano Lippi and Caimei Liu and Fang Liu and Fengcheng Liu and Haidong Liu and Hongbang Liu and Hongjuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Jiaxi Liu and Jinchang Liu and Kainan Liu and Min Liu and Qian Liu and Runxuan Liu and Shenghui Liu and Shulin Liu and Ximing Liu and Xiwen Liu and Xuewei Liu and Yankai Liu and Yiqi Liu and Zhipeng Liu and Zhuo Liu and Lorenzo Loi and Alexey Lokhov and Paolo Lombardi and Kai Loo and Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo and Chuan Lu and Haoqi Lu and Junguang Lu and Meishu Lu and Shuxiang Lu and Xianguo Lu and Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev and Sultim Lubsandorzhiev and Livia Ludhova and Arslan Lukanov and Fengjiao Luo and Guang Luo and Jianyi Luo and Shu Luo and Wuming Luo and Xiaojie Luo and Vladimir Lyashuk and Bangzheng Ma and Bing Ma and Qiumei Ma and Si Ma and Wing Yan Ma and Xiaoyan Ma and Xubo Ma and Jihane Maalmi and Jingyu Mai and Marco Malabarba and Yury Malyshkin and Roberto Carlos Mandujano and Fabio Mantovani and Xin Mao and Stefano M. Mari and Agnese Martini and Johann Martyn and Matthias Mayer and Davit Mayilyan and William McDonough and Yue Meng and Anselmo Meregaglia and Lino Miramonti and Michele Montuschi and Iwan Morton-Blake and Xiangyi Mu and Massimiliano Nastasi and Dmitry V. Naumov and Elena Naumova and Igor Nemchenok and Elisabeth Neuerburg and Alexey Nikolaev and Feipeng Ning and Zhe Ning and Yujie Niu and Hiroshi Nunokawa and Lothar Oberauer and Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux and Sebastian Olivares and Alexander Olshevskiy and Domizia Orestano and Fausto Ortica and Rainer Othegraven and Yifei Pan and Alessandro Paoloni and George Parker and Yatian Pei and Luca Pelicci and Anguo Peng and Yu Peng and Zhaoyuan Peng and Elisa Percalli and Willy Perrin and Frédéric Perrot and Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean and Fabrizio Petrucci and Oliver Pilarczyk and Artyom Popov and Pascal Poussot and Ezio Previtali and Fazhi Qi and Ming Qi and Sen Qian and Xiaohui Qian and Zhonghua Qin and Shoukang Qiu and Manhao Qu and Zhenning Qu and Gioacchino Ranucci and Thomas Raymond and Alessandra Re and Abdel Rebii and Mariia Redchuk and Bin Ren and Yuhan Ren and Cristobal Morales Reveco and Barbara Ricci and Mariam Rifai and Mathieu Roche and Narongkiat Rodphai and Fernanda de Faria Rodrigues and Aldo Romani and Bedřich Roskovec and Peter Rudakov and Arseniy Rybnikov and Andrey Sadovsky and Deshan Sandanayake and Anut Sangka and Ujwal Santhosh and Utane Sawangwit and Michaela Schever and Cédric Schwab and Konstantin Schweizer and Alexandr Selyunin and Andrea Serafini and Mariangela Settimo and Yanjun Shang and Junyu Shao and Anurag Sharma and Vladislav Sharov and Hangyu Shi and Hexi SHI and Jingyan Shi and Yuan Shi and Yike Shu and Yuhan Shu and She Shuai and Vitaly Shutov and Andrey Sidorenkov and Fedor Šimkovic and Randhir Singh and Apeksha Singhal and Chiara Sirignano and Jaruchit Siripak and Monica Sisti and Mikhail Smirnov and Oleg Smirnov and Thiago Sogo-Bezerra and Sergey Sokolov and Julanan Songwadhana and Albert Sotnikov and Warintorn Sreethawong and Achim Stahl and Luca Stanco and Konstantin Stankevich and Hans Steiger and Jochen Steinmann and Tobias Sterr and Matthias Raphael Stock and Virginia Strati and Mikhail Strizh and Alexander Studenikin and Aoqi Su and Jun Su and Guangbao Sun and Mingxia Sun and Xilei Sun and Yongzhao Sun and Zhanxue Sun and Zhengyang Sun and Narumon Suwonjandee and Christophe De La Taille and Akira Takenaka and Xiaohan Tan and Haozhong Tang and Jian Tang and Jingzhe Tang and Quan Tang and Xiao Tang and Jihua Tao and Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi and Yuxin Tian and Igor Tkachev and Tomas Tmej and Marco Danilo Claudio Torri and Andrea Triossi and Wladyslaw Trzaska and Andrei Tsaregorodtsev and Yu-Chen Tung and Cristina Tuve and Nikita Ushakov and Carlo Venettacci and Giuseppe Verde and Maxim Vialkov and Benoit Viaud and Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht and Vit Vorobel and Dmitriy Voronin and Lucia Votano and Andong Wang and Caishen Wang and Chung-Hsiang Wang and En Wang and Hanwen Wang and Jiabin Wang and Jun Wang and Ke Wang and Li Wang and Meng Wang and Meng Wang and Mingyuan Wang and Ruiguang Wang and Sibo Wang and Tianhong Wang and Wei Wang and Wenshuai Wang and Wenyuan Wang and Xi Wang and Yangfu Wang and Yaoguang Wang and Yi Wang and Yifang Wang and Yuyi Wang and Zhe Wang and Zheng Wang and Zhimin Wang and Apimook Watcharangkool and Junya Wei and Jushang Wei and Wei Wei and Wei Wei and Yadong Wei and Yuehuan Wei and Zhengbao Wei and Liangjian Wen and Jun Weng and Scott Wipperfurth and Rosmarie Wirth and Bi Wu and Chengxin Wu and Qun Wu and Yinhui Wu and Zhaoxiang Wu and Zhi Wu and Michael Wurm and Jacques Wurtz and Yufei Xi and Dongmei Xia and Shishen Xian and Ziqian Xiang and Fei Xiao and Pengfei Xiao and Tianying Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Wei-Jun Xie and Xiaochuan Xie and Yuguang Xie and Zhao Xin and Zhizhong Xing and Benda Xu and Cheng Xu and Chuang Xu and Donglian Xu and Fanrong Xu and Jiayang Xu and Jie Xu and Jilei Xu and Jinghuan Xu and Meihang Xu and Shiwen Xu and Xunjie Xu and Ya Xu and Dongyang Xue and Jingqin Xue and Baojun Yan and Qiyu Yan and Taylor Yan and Xiongbo Yan and Yupeng Yan and Changgen Yang and Chengfeng Yang and Dikun Yang and Fengfan Yang and Jie Yang and Kaiwei Yang and Lei Yang and Pengfei Yang and Xiaoyu Yang and Xuhui Yang and Yifan Yang and Zekun Yang and Haifeng Yao and Jiaxaun Ye and Mei Ye and Ziping Ye and Frédéric Yermia and Jilong Yin and Weiqing Yin and Xiaohao Yin and Zhengyun You and Boxiang Yu and Chiye Yu and Chunxu Yu and Hongzhao Yu and Peidong Yu and Simi Yu and Zeyuan Yu and Cenxi Yuan and Noman Zafar and Jilberto Zamora and Vitalii Zavadskyi and Fanrui Zeng and Shan Zeng and Tingxuan Zeng and Liang Zhan and Bin Zhang and Feiyang Zhang and Han Zhang and Hangchang Zhang and Haosen Zhang and Honghao Zhang and Jialiang Zhang and Jiawen Zhang and Jie Zhang and Jingbo Zhang and Junwei Zhang and Lei Zhang and Ping Zhang and Qingmin Zhang and Rongping Zhang and Shiqi Zhang and Shuihan Zhang and Siyuan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Xiaomei Zhang and Xu Zhang and Xuantong Zhang and Yibing Zhang and Yinhong Zhang and Yiyu Zhang and Yongpeng Zhang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Yue Zhang and Yumei Zhang and Zhenyu Zhang and Zhicheng Zhang and Zhijian Zhang and Jie Zhao and Liang Zhao and Runze Zhao and Shujun Zhao and Hua Zheng and Yangheng Zheng and Li Zhou and Lishui Zhou and Shun Zhou and Xiang Zhou and Xing Zhou and Jingsen Zhu and Kangfu Zhu and Kejun Zhu and Bo Zhuang and Honglin Zhuang and Jiaheng Zou},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.07227},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
32 pages, with 13 figures and 5 tables