Polynomiality of surface braid and mapping class group representations

We study a wide range of homologically-defined representations of surface braid groups and of mapping class groups of surfaces, including the Lawrence-Bigelow representations of the classical braid groups. These representations naturally come in families, defining homological representation functors on categories associated to surface braid groups or all mapping class groups. We prove that many of these homological representation functors are polynomial. This has applications to twisted homological stability and to understanding the structure of the representation theory of the associated families of groups. Our polynomiality results are consequences of more fundamental results establishing relations amongst the coherent representations that we consider via short exact sequences of functors. As well as polynomiality, these short exact sequences also have applications to understanding the kernels of the homological representations under consideration.