English

Photon quantum mechanics in real Hilbert space

Quantum Physics 2021-12-07 v3

Abstract

Classically, electromagnetic pulses are described by real fields that couple to charged matter and propagate causally. We will show here that real fields of the form used in standard classical electromagnetic theory have a quantum mechanical interpretation in which the probability density for a photon to be at x is positive definite and operators representing all of the standard physical observables exist. A covariant alternative to the {\omega}_{k}^{1/2} dependence that appears in most (but not all) presentations of quantum optics and quantum field theory is presented and real scalar one photon advanced and retarded potentials are derived.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2107.03262,
  title  = {Photon quantum mechanics in real Hilbert space},
  author = {Margaret Hawton},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.03262},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

6 pages, Eqs. (26) and (61) revised

R2 v1 2026-06-24T03:58:06.834Z