Parity of the partition function in quadratic progressions
Abstract
The parity of the partition function remains strikingly mysterious. Beyond a handful of fragmentary results, essentially nothing is known about the distribution of parity. We prove a uniform result on quadratic progressions. If is square-free and only divisible by primes , then both parities occur infinitely often among with The argument takes place on the modular curve and shows that parity along these thin orbits is \emph{not constant}. The proof connects classical identities for the partition generating function, through the method of (twisted) Borcherds products, to the arithmetic geometry of {\it ordinary} CM fibers on the Deligne-Rapoport model of in characteristic 2. This result is a special case of a general theorem for the coefficients of suitable vector-valued weight 1/2 harmonic Maass forms that satisfy a "Heegner packet'' condition.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.09553,
title = {Parity of the partition function in quadratic progressions},
author = {Ken Ono},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.09553},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
Minor edits: typos corrected + clarification that reduction at 2 throughout this paper means reduction mod mathfrak{p} dividing 2