English

$p$-numerical semigroups of Pell triples

Combinatorics 2024-01-05 v2 Number Theory

Abstract

For a nonnegative integer pp, the pp-numerical semigroup SpS_p is defined as the set of integers whose nonnegative integral linear combinations of given positive integers a1,a2,,aκa_1,a_2,\dots,a_\kappa with gcd(a1,a2,,aκ)=1\gcd(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_\kappa)=1 are expressed in more than pp ways. When p=0p=0, S=S0S=S_0 is the original numerical semigroup. The largest element and the cardinality of N0\Sp\mathbb N_0\backslash S_p are called the pp-Frobenius number and the pp-genus, respectively. Their explicit formulas are known for κ=2\kappa=2, but those for κ3\kappa\ge 3 have been found only in some special cases. For some known cases, such as the Fibonacci and the Jacobsthal triplets, similar techniques could be applied and explicit formulas such as the pp-Frobenius number could be found. In this paper, we give explicit formulas for the pp-Frobenius number and the pp-genus of Pell numerical semigroups (Pi(u),Pi+2(u),Pi+k(u))\bigl(P_i(u),P_{i+2}(u),P_{i+k}(u)\bigr). Here, for a given positive integer uu, Pell-type numbers Pn(u)P_n(u) satisfy the recurrence relation Pn(u)=uPn1(u)+Pn2(u)P_n(u)=u P_{n-1}(u)+P_{n-2}(u) (n2n\ge 2) with P0(u)=0P_0(u)=0 and P1(u)=1P_1(u)=1. The pp-Ap\'ery set is used to find the formulas, but it shows a different pattern from those in the known results, and some case by case discussions are necessary.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2307.08998,
  title  = {$p$-numerical semigroups of Pell triples},
  author = {Takao Komatsu and Jiaxin Mu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.08998},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.00443

R2 v1 2026-06-28T11:33:13.105Z