English

Oriented Diameter of Mixed Graphs with Given Maximum Undirected Degree

Combinatorics 2025-07-04 v1

Abstract

In 2018, Dankelmann, Gao, and Surmacs [J. Graph Theory, 88(1): 5--17, 2018] established sharp bounds on the oriented diameter of a bridgeless undirected graph and a bridgeless undirected bipartite graph in terms of vertex degree. In this paper, we extend these results to \emph{mixed graphs}, which contain both directed and undirected edges. Let the \emph{undirected degree} dG(x)d^*_G(x) of a vertex xV(G)x \in V(G) be the number of its incident undirected edges in a mixed graph GG of order nn, and let the \emph{maximum undirected degree} be Δ(G)=max{dG(v):vV(G)}\Delta^*(G) = \max\{d^*_G(v) : v \in V(G)\}. We prove that \begin{align*} \text{(1)}\quad & \overrightarrow{\mathrm{diam}}(G) \leq n - \Delta^* + 3 && \text{if GG is undirected, or contains a vertex uu with dG(u)=Δd^*_G(u) = \Delta^*} \\ & && \text{and dG+(u)+dG(u)2d^+_G(u) + d^-_G(u) \geq 2, or Δ=5\Delta^* = 5 and dG+(u)+dG(u)=1d^+_G(u) + d^-_G(u) = 1;} \\ \text{(2)}\quad & \overrightarrow{\mathrm{diam}}(G) \leq n - \Delta^* + 4 && \text{otherwise}. \end{align*} We also establish bounds for mixed bipartite graphs. If GG is a bridgeless mixed bipartite graph with partite sets AA and BB, and uBu \in B, then \begin{align*} \text{(1)}\quad & \overrightarrow{\mathrm{diam}}(G) \leq 2(|A| - d(u)) + 7 && \text{if GG is undirected;\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \\ \text{(2)}\quad & \overrightarrow{\mathrm{diam}}(G) \leq 2(|A| - d^*(u)) + 8 && \text{if dG+(u)+dG(u)2d^+_G(u) + d^-_G(u) \geq 2;} \\ \text{(3)}\quad & \overrightarrow{\mathrm{diam}}(G) \leq 2(|A| - d^*(u)) + 10 && \text{otherwise}. \end{align*} All of the above bounds are sharp, except possibly the last one.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.02277,
  title  = {Oriented Diameter of Mixed Graphs with Given Maximum Undirected Degree},
  author = {Ran An and Hengzhe Li and Jianbing Liu and Gaoxing Sun},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.02277},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

23 pages, 6 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:44:15.696Z