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On Ribet's Lemma for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ modulo prime powers

Number Theory 2024-02-19 v3 Representation Theory

Abstract

Let ρ ⁣:GGL2(K)\rho\colon G\to \mathrm{GL}_2(K) be a continuous representation of a compact group GG over a complete discretely valued field KK, with ring of integers O\mathcal O and uniformiser π\pi. We prove that trρ\operatorname{tr}\rho is reducible modulo πn\pi^n if and only if ρ\rho is reducible modulo πn\pi^n. More precisely, there exist characters χ1,χ2 ⁣:G(O/πnO)×\chi_1,\chi_2 \colon G\to(\mathcal O/\pi^n\mathcal O)^{\times} such that det(tρ(g))(tχ1(g))(tχ2(g))(modπn)\det(t - \rho(g))\equiv (t-\chi_1(g))(t-\chi_2(g))\pmod{\pi^n} for all gGg\in G, if and only if there exists a GG-stable lattice ΛK2\Lambda\subset K^2 such that Λ/πnΛ\Lambda/\pi^n\Lambda contains a GG-invariant, free, rank one O/πnO\mathcal O/\pi^n\mathcal O-submodule. Our result applies in the case that ρ\rho is not residually multiplicity free, in which case it answers a question of Bella\"iche--Chenevier. As an application, we prove an optimal version of Ribet's Lemma, which gives a condition for the existence of a GG-stable lattice Λ\Lambda that realises a non-split extension of χ2\chi_2 by χ1\chi_1

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2111.01559,
  title  = {On Ribet's Lemma for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ modulo prime powers},
  author = {Amit Ophir and Ariel Weiss},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.01559},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

21 pages. Revised following referee comments. To appear in Research in the Mathematical Sciences

R2 v1 2026-06-24T07:22:32.863Z