On Kato's ramification filtration

For a Henselian discrete valued field $K$ of characteristic $p>0$, Kato defined a ramification filtration $\{{\rm fil}_nH^q(K,\mathbb Q_p/\mathbb Z_p(q-1))\}_{n \ge 0}$ on $H^q(K,\mathbb Q_p/\mathbb Z_p(q-1))$. One can also define a ramification filtration on $H^q(U,\mathbb Z/p^m(q-1))$ using the local Kato-filtration, where $U$ is the complement of a simple normal crossing divisor in a regular scheme $X$ of characteristic $p>0$. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a cohomological description of these filtrations using de Rham-Witt sheaves and present several applications. To achieve our goal, we study a theory of the filtered de Rham-Witt complex of $F$-finite regular schemes of characteristic $p>0$ and prove several properties which are well known for the classical de Rham-Witt complex of regular schemes. As applications, we prove a refined version of Jannsen-Saito-Zhao's duality over finite fields, and a similar duality for smooth projective curves over local fields. As another application, we prove a Lefschetz theorem for unramified and ramified Brauer group (with modulus) of smooth projective $F$-finite schemes over a field of characteristic $p>0$. Further applications are given in [49] and [50].