We propose a novel architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing that incorporates strong single-photon nonlinearities into a photonic GHZ-measurement-based architecture. The nonlinearities substantially reduce resource overheads compared to conventional linear-optics-based architectures, which require significant redundancy to accommodate probabilistic photon generation and probabilistic entangling operations. By removing linear-optical failure modes, our nonlinear architecture can also tolerate much higher optical losses than linear approaches, with a baseline loss tolerance of ∼12\% using a 32-photon resource state and a foliated surface code. Our results show how introducing a nonlinear primitive enables dramatic improvements in practical implementations of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
@article{arxiv.2510.06890,
title = {Nonlinear photonic architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing},
author = {Maike Ostmann and Joshua Nunn and Alex E. Jones},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.06890},
year = {2025}
}