English

New graceful diameter-6 trees by transfers

Combinatorics 2015-06-30 v2

Abstract

Given a graph GG, a labeling of GG is an injective function f:V(G)Z0f:V(G)\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}. Under the labeling ff, the label of a vertex vv is f(v)f(v), and the induced label of an edge uvuv is f(u)f(v)|f(u) - f(v)|. The labeling ff is graceful if the labels of the vertices are {0,1,,V(G)1}\{0, 1, \ldots , |V(G)| - 1\}, and the induced labels of the edges are distinct. The graph GG is graceful if it has a graceful labeling. The Graceful Tree Conjecture, introduced by Kotzig in the late 1960's, states that all trees are graceful. It is an open problem whether every diameter-6 tree has a graceful labeling. In this paper, we prove that if TT is a tree with central vertex and root vv, such that each vertex not in the last two levels has an odd number of children, and TT satisfies one of the following conditions (a)-(e), then TT has a graceful labeling ff with f(v)=0f(v) = 0: (a) TT is a diameter-6 complete tree; (b) TT is a diameter-6 tree such that no two leaves of distance 2 from vv are siblings, and each leaf of distance 2 from vv has a sibling with an even number of children; (c) TT is a diameter-2r2r complete tree, such that the number of vertices of distance r1r - 1 from vv, with an even number of children, is not 3(mod4)3\pmod{4}; (d) TT is a diameter-2r2r tree, such that the number of vertices of distance r1r - 1 from vv, with an even number of children, is not 3(mod4)3\pmod{4}, no two leaves of distance r1r - 1 from vv are siblings, and each leaf of distance r1r - 1 from vv has a sibling with an even number of children; (e) TT is a diameter-6 tree, such that each internal vertex has an odd number of children. In particular, all depth-3 trees of which each internal vertex has an odd number of children are graceful.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1402.6570,
  title  = {New graceful diameter-6 trees by transfers},
  author = {Matt Superdock},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.6570},
  year   = {2015}
}

Comments

This paper is based on my undergraduate senior thesis for the math department at Princeton University, from which I graduated in June 2013

R2 v1 2026-06-22T03:16:20.501Z