Moduli of Trigonal Curves

We study the moduli of trigonal curves. We establish the exact upper bound of ${36(g+1)}/(5g+1)$ for the slope of trigonal fibrations. Here, the slope of any fibration $X\to B$ of stable curves with smooth general member is the ratio $\delta_B/\lambda_B$ of the restrictions of the boundary class $\delta$ and the Hodge class $\lambda$ on the moduli space $\bar{\mathfrak{M}}_g$ to the base $B$. We associate to a trigonal family $X$ a canonical rank two vector bundle $V$, and show that for Bogomolov-semistable $V$ the slope satisfies the stronger inequality ${\delta_B}/{\lambda_B}\leq 7+{6}/{g}$. We further describe the rational Picard group of the {trigonal} locus $\bar{\mathfrak T}_g$ in the moduli space $\bar{\mathfrak{M}}_g$ of genus $g$ curves. In the even genus case, we interpret the above Bogomolov semistability condition in terms of the so-called Maroni divisor in $\bar{\mathfrak T}_g$.