Superconducting circuits are a promising platform for implementing fault-tolerant quantum computers, quantum limited amplifiers, ultra-low power superconducting electronics, and sensors with ultimate sensitivity. Typically, circuit fabrication is realized by standard nanolithography, generally associated with a high level of control over defects and contaminants. Additive approaches have not been used so far since they are expected to be inferior in terms of superconducting properties or quantum coherence. This work shows that liquid-metal based micro-pipette printing is suited for fabricating superconducting lumped-element resonators with high internal quality factors. The applicability of our technique for low-loss superconducting device fabrication and the possibility to locally add metal structures, without affecting any preexisting circuit elements, is a further advantage. Our results open up new avenues in the hardware implementation of scaled-up superconducting quantum computers.
@article{arxiv.2511.09705,
title = {Liquid metal printing for superconducting circuits},
author = {Alexander Kreiner and Navid Hussain and Ritika Dhundhwal and Haoran Duan and Nicolas Zapata and Gabriel Cadilha Marques and Tino Cubaynes and Torsten Scherer and Wolfgang Wernsdorfer and Michael Hirtz and Ioan Mihai Pop and Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann and Thomas Reisinger},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.09705},
year = {2025}
}