Intermediate topological pressures and variational principles for nonautonomous dynamical systems

We introduce a one-parameter family of intermediate topological pressures for nonautonomous dynamical systems which interpolate between the Pesin-Pitskel topological pressure and the lower and upper capacity pressures. The construction is based on the Carath\'eodory-Pesin structure in which all admissible strings in a covering satisfy $N \le n < N/\theta + 1$, where $\theta \in [0,1]$ is a parameter. The extremal cases $\theta=0$ and $\theta=1$ recover the Pesin-Pitskel pressure and the two capacity pressures, respectively. We first investigate several properties of the intermediate pressure, including proving that it is continuous on $(0, 1]$ but may fail to be continuous at $0$, as well as establishing the power rule and monotonicity. We then derive inequalities for intermediate pressures with respect to the factor map. Finally, we introduce intermediate measure-theoretic pressures and prove variational principles relating them to the corresponding topological pressures.