$G_\delta$ Circle Squaring
Logic
2026-02-27 v2 Combinatorics
Metric Geometry
Abstract
We show that a circle and square of the same area in are equidecomposable by translations using pieces. That is, pieces which are simultaneously and sets. This improves a result of M\'ath\'e-Noel-Pikhurko and is the best possible complexity in terms of the Borel hierarchy. More generally we show that bounded sets with small enough boundaries and the same nonzero Lebesgue measure are equidecomposable with pieces that are countable unions of finite Boolean combinations of translates of , and open sets. The improvement comes from constructions of low complexity toasts and related objects which should be independently useful within Borel combinatorics.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2601.19039,
title = {$G_\delta$ Circle Squaring},
author = {Spencer Unger and Narmada Varadarajan and Felix Weilacher},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.19039},
year = {2026}
}