English

Functional lower bounds for restricted arithmetic circuits of depth four

Computational Complexity 2021-07-22 v1

Abstract

Recently, Forbes, Kumar and Saptharishi [CCC, 2016] proved that there exists an explicit dO(1)d^{O(1)}-variate and degree dd polynomial PdVNPP_{d}\in VNP such that if any depth four circuit CC of bounded formal degree dd which computes a polynomial of bounded individual degree O(1)O(1), that is functionally equivalent to PdP_d, then CC must have size 2Ω(dlogd)2^{\Omega(\sqrt{d}\log{d})}. The motivation for their work comes from Boolean Circuit Complexity. Based on a characterization for ACC0ACC^0 circuits by Yao [FOCS, 1985] and Beigel and Tarui [CC, 1994], Forbes, Kumar and Saptharishi [CCC, 2016] observed that functions in ACC0ACC^0 can also be computed by algebraic ΣΣΠ\Sigma\mathord{\wedge}\Sigma\Pi circuits (i.e., circuits of the form -- sums of powers of polynomials) of 2logO(1)n2^{\log^{O(1)}n} size. Thus they argued that a 2ω(logO(1)n)2^{\omega(\log^{O(1)}{n})} "functional" lower bound for an explicit polynomial QQ against ΣΣΠ\Sigma\mathord{\wedge}\Sigma\Pi circuits would imply a lower bound for the "corresponding Boolean function" of QQ against non-uniform ACC0ACC^0. In their work, they ask if their lower bound be extended to ΣΣΠ\Sigma\mathord{\wedge}\Sigma\Pi circuits. In this paper, for large integers nn and dd such that ω(log2n)dn0.01\omega(\log^2n)\leq d\leq n^{0.01}, we show that any ΣΣΠ\Sigma\mathord{\wedge}\Sigma\Pi circuit of bounded individual degree at most O(dk2)O\left(\frac{d}{k^2}\right) that functionally computes Iterated Matrix Multiplication polynomial IMMn,dIMM_{n,d} (VP\in VP) over {0,1}n2d\{0,1\}^{n^2d} must have size nΩ(k)n^{\Omega(k)}. Since Iterated Matrix Multiplication IMMn,dIMM_{n,d} over {0,1}n2d\{0,1\}^{n^2d} is functionally in GapLGapL, improvement of the afore mentioned lower bound to hold for quasipolynomially large values of individual degree would imply a fine-grained separation of ACC0ACC^0 from GapLGapL.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2107.09703,
  title  = {Functional lower bounds for restricted arithmetic circuits of depth four},
  author = {Suryajith Chillara},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.09703},
  year   = {2021}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-24T04:22:30.902Z