English

Fast convergence of the Expectation Maximization algorithm under a logarithmic Sobolev inequality

Machine Learning 2025-11-21 v2 Machine Learning Optimization and Control Statistics Theory Computation Statistics Theory

Abstract

We present a new framework for analysing the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Drawing on recent advances in the theory of gradient flows over Euclidean-Wasserstein spaces, we extend techniques from alternating minimization in Euclidean spaces to the EM algorithm, via its representation as coordinate-wise minimization of the free energy. In so doing, we obtain finite sample error bounds and exponential convergence of the EM algorithm under a natural generalisation of the log-Sobolev inequality. We further show that this framework naturally extends to several variants of EM, offering a unified approach for studying such algorithms.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2407.17949,
  title  = {Fast convergence of the Expectation Maximization algorithm under a logarithmic Sobolev inequality},
  author = {Rocco Caprio and Adam M Johansen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.17949},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T17:53:23.104Z