English

Ergodic averaging with and without invariant measures

Dynamical Systems 2017-12-06 v1

Abstract

The classical Birkhoff ergodic theorem in its most popular version says that the time average along a single typical trajectory of a dynamical system is equal to the space average with respect to the ergodic invariant distribution. This result is one of the cornerstones of the entire ergodic theory and its numerous applications. Two questions related to this subject will be addressed: how large is the set of typical trajectories, in particular in the case when there are no invariant distributions, and how the answer is connected to properties of the so called natural measures (limits of images of "good" measures under the action of the system).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1709.06327,
  title  = {Ergodic averaging with and without invariant measures},
  author = {Michael Blank},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.06327},
  year   = {2017}
}

Comments

17 pages, 1 figure

R2 v1 2026-06-22T21:47:57.279Z