Engineering Interfaces with Electric and Magnetic Fields: A Comprehensive Review

The spontaneous organization of particles at the boundary between two fluids is a common occurrence. Scientists have extensively investigated various internal and external factors to manipulate and guide these self-assembly processes. This review article centers on the impact of external fields, particularly electric and magnetic fields, on the self-assembly of intermediate-sized particles at interfaces. By modifying the shape and dimensions of particles, attractive forces can be precisely controlled. Furthermore, the intensity and orientation of external fields exert a substantial influence on the resulting assembled structure. These systems hold immense promise for groundbreaking applications in drug delivery, catalysis, and other transport mechanisms.