We propose a framework to engineer synthetic-inertia and droop-control parameters for distributed energy resources (DERs) so that the system frequency in a network composed of DERs and synchronous generators conforms to prescribed transient and steady-state performance specifications. Our approach is grounded in a second-order lumped-parameter model that captures the dynamics of synchronous generators and frequency-responsive DERs endowed with inertial and droop control. A key feature of this reduced-order model is that its parameters can be related to those of the originating higher-order dynamical model. This allows one to systematically design the DER inertial and droop-control coefficients leveraging classical frequency-domain response characteristics of second-order systems. Time-domain simulations validate the accuracy of the model-reduction method and demonstrate how DER controllers can be designed to meet steady-state-regulation and transient-performance specifications.
@article{arxiv.1706.03612,
title = {Engineering Inertial and Primary-frequency Response for Distributed Energy Resources},
author = {Swaroop S. Guggilam and Changhong Zhao and Emiliano Dall'Anese and Yu Christine Chen and Sairaj V. Dhople},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03612},
year = {2017}
}