English

EHands: Quantum Protocol for Polynomial Computation on Real-Valued Encoded States

Quantum Physics 2025-12-22 v3

Abstract

We present EHands, a quantum-native protocol for implementing multivariable polynomial transformations on quantum processors. The protocol introduces four fundamental, reversible operators: multiplication, addition, negation, and parity flip, and employs the Expectation Value ENcoding (EVEN) scheme to represent real numbers as quantum states. Unlike discretization or binary encoding methods, EHands operates directly on vectorized real-valued inputs prepared in the initial state and applies a shallow quantum circuit that depends only on the polynomial coefficients. The result is obtained from the expectation value measured on a single qubit, enabling efficient parallel evaluation of a polynomial across multiple data points using a single circuit. We introduce both a reversible implementation for degree-dd polynomials, requiring 3d3d qubits, and a non-reversible variant that uses qubit resets to reduce the requirements to d+1d+1 qubits. Both implementations exhibit linear depth scaling in dd and are explicitly decomposed into one- and two-qubit gates for direct execution on current quantum processing units. The protocol's effectiveness is demonstrated through experimental validation on IBM's Heron-class quantum processors, showing reliable polynomial approximations of functions like ReLU and arctan.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2502.15928,
  title  = {EHands: Quantum Protocol for Polynomial Computation on Real-Valued Encoded States},
  author = {Jan Balewski and C. Pestano and Mercy G. Amankwah and E. Wes Bethel and Talita Perciano and Roel Van Beeumen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.15928},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:53:32.527Z