English

Dowker's theorem for higher-order relations

Algebraic Topology 2025-06-13 v1

Abstract

Given a relation RI×JR \subseteq I \times J between two sets, Dowker's Theorem (1952) states that the homology groups of two associated simplicial complexes, now known as Dowker complexes, are isomorphic. In its modern form, the full result asserts a functorial homotopy equivalence between the two Dowker complexes. What can be said about relations defined on three or more sets? We present a simple generalization to multiway relations of the form RI1×I2××ImR \subseteq I_1 \times I_2 \times \cdots \times I_m. The theorem asserts functorial homotopy equivalences between mm multiway Dowker complexes and a variant of the rectangle complex of Brun and Salbu from their recent short proof of Dowker's Theorem. Our proof uses Smale's homotopy mapping theorem and factors through a cellular Dowker lemma that expresses the main idea in more general form. To make the geometry more transparent, we work with a class of spaces called prod-complexes then transfer the results to simplicial complexes through a simplexification process. We conclude with a detailed study of ternary relations, identifying seven functorially defined homotopy types and twelve natural transformations between them.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.10909,
  title  = {Dowker's theorem for higher-order relations},
  author = {Vin de Silva and Chad Giusti and Vladimir Itskov and Michael Robinson and Radmila Sazdanovic and Nikolas Schonsheck and Melvin Vaupel and Iris H. R. Yoon},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.10909},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

36 pages, 14 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:13:55.371Z