English

Cutting a unit square and permuting blocks

Combinatorics 2026-01-06 v2 Probability

Abstract

Consider a random permutation of knkn objects that permutes nn disjoint blocks of size kk and then permutes elements within each block. Normalizing its cycle lengths by knkn gives a random partition of unity, and we derive the limit law of this partition as k,nk,n \to \infty. The limit may be constructed via a simple square cutting procedure that generalizes stick breaking in the classical case of random permutations (k=1k=1). The expected size of the largest part of this square cutting distribution is approximated to be 0.400.40, in contrast with the Golomb-Dickman constant around 0.6240.624 describing the longest cycle of a uniform random permutation as well as the largest prime factor of a random integer. The distribution function of this largest part is shown to also be the mean of a certain multiplicative function. Along the way we give the first extension of the Erd\H{o}s-Tur\'an law to a proper permutation subgroup.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2501.13844,
  title  = {Cutting a unit square and permuting blocks},
  author = {Nathan Tung},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.13844},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

23 pages. Added approximation of the limit distribution of the longest cycle and improved exposition

R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:15:07.740Z