English

Cubic graphs induced by bridge trisections

Geometric Topology 2024-09-20 v1 Combinatorics

Abstract

Every embedded surface K\mathcal{K} in the 4-sphere admits a bridge trisection, a decomposition of (S4,K)(S^4,\mathcal{K}) into three simple pieces. In this case, the surface K\mathcal{K} is determined by an embedded 1-complex, called the 1-skeleton\textit{1-skeleton} of the bridge trisection. As an abstract graph, the 1-skeleton is a cubic graph Γ\Gamma that inherits a natural Tait coloring, a 3-coloring of the edge set of Γ\Gamma such that each vertex is incident to edges of all three colors. In this paper, we reverse this association: We prove that every Tait-colored cubic graph is isomorphic to the 1-skeleton of a bridge trisection corresponding to an unknotted surface. When the surface is nonorientable, we show that such an embedding exists for every possible normal Euler number. As a corollary, every tri-plane diagram for a knotted surface can be converted to a tri-plane diagram for an unknotted surface via crossing changes and interior Reidemeister moves.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2007.07280,
  title  = {Cubic graphs induced by bridge trisections},
  author = {Jeffrey Meier and Abigail Thompson and Alexander Zupan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.07280},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

18 pages, 17 color figures

R2 v1 2026-06-23T17:07:15.987Z