CORSIKA 8: A General Framework for Particle Cascade Simulations
Abstract
The simulation of extensive air showers and particle cascades in general is a cornerstone of modern astroparticle physics. For more than two decades, CORSIKA, currently in version 7, has been one of the most widely used tools for this purpose. However, its architecture reflects design constraints of an earlier computing era, as well as increasingly limiting extensibility, maintainability, and adaptability to modern experimental requirements. CORSIKA 8 is a complete redesign of the original CORSIKA code, implemented in modern C++ and based on contemporary software engineering principles. It introduces a modular and extensible simulation framework with explicit handling of units, flexible geometry, and environment descriptions. In this paper, we present the design philosophy and core architecture of CORSIKA 8, describe the implementation of electromagnetic and hadronic shower physics, and validate air shower simulations against CORSIKA 7. The results demonstrate good agreement at the few-percent level for key observables, confirming the physics fidelity of CORSIKA 8. We also showcase new use cases that were beyond the capabilities of version 7, such as the simulation of cross-media showers and particle cascades in ice, including radio-signal propagation
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.01850,
title = {CORSIKA 8: A General Framework for Particle Cascade Simulations},
author = {J. M. Alameddine and J. Albrecht and A. A Alves and J. Ammerman-Yebra and L. Arrabito and D. Baack and A. Coleman and C. Deaconu and H. Dembinski and D. Elsässer and R. Engel and A. Faure and A. Ferrari and C. Gaudu and C. Glaser and M. Gottowik and D. Heck and T. Huege and K. H. Kampert and N. Karastathis and J. Lazar and L. Nellen and D. Parello and T Pierog and R. Prechelt and R. Privara and M. Reininghaus and W. Rhode and F. Riehn and M. Sackel and P. Sampathkumar and A. Sandrock and A. Schmidt and J. Soedingrekso and R. Ulrich and P. Windischhofer and B. Yue},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.01850},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
29 pages, 21 figures