In response to the worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as face masks and social distancing have been implemented. A careful assessment of the effects of such containment strategies is required to avoid exceeding social and economical costs as well as a dangerous "second wave" of the pandemic. In this work, we combine a recently developed dynamical density functional theory model and an extended SIRD model with hysteresis to study effects of various measures and strategies using realistic parameters. Depending on intervention thresholds, a variety of phases with different numbers of shutdowns and deaths are found. Spatiotemporal simulations provide further insights into the dynamics of a second wave. Our results are of crucial importance for public health policy.
@article{arxiv.2010.00962,
title = {Containing a pandemic: Nonpharmaceutical interventions and the "second wave"},
author = {Michael te Vrugt and Jens Bickmann and Raphael Wittkowski},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.00962},
year = {2021}
}