English

Conformal Prediction with Large Language Models for Multi-Choice Question Answering

Computation and Language 2023-07-11 v3 Machine Learning Machine Learning

Abstract

As large language models continue to be widely developed, robust uncertainty quantification techniques will become crucial for their safe deployment in high-stakes scenarios. In this work, we explore how conformal prediction can be used to provide uncertainty quantification in language models for the specific task of multiple-choice question-answering. We find that the uncertainty estimates from conformal prediction are tightly correlated with prediction accuracy. This observation can be useful for downstream applications such as selective classification and filtering out low-quality predictions. We also investigate the exchangeability assumption required by conformal prediction to out-of-subject questions, which may be a more realistic scenario for many practical applications. Our work contributes towards more trustworthy and reliable usage of large language models in safety-critical situations, where robust guarantees of error rate are required.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2305.18404,
  title  = {Conformal Prediction with Large Language Models for Multi-Choice Question Answering},
  author = {Bhawesh Kumar and Charlie Lu and Gauri Gupta and Anil Palepu and David Bellamy and Ramesh Raskar and Andrew Beam},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.18404},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

Updated sections on prompt engineering. Expanded sections 4.1 and 4.2 and appendix. Included additional references. Work published at the ICML 2023 (Neural Conversational AI TEACH) workshop

R2 v1 2026-06-28T10:49:41.852Z