English

Complexity of the list homomorphism problem in hereditary graph classes

Computational Complexity 2022-02-04 v2

Abstract

A homomorphism from a graph GG to a graph HH is an edge-preserving mapping from V(G)V(G) to V(H)V(H). For a fixed graph HH, in the list homomorphism problem, denoted by LHom(HH), we are given a graph GG, whose every vertex vv is equipped with a list L(v)V(H)L(v) \subseteq V(H). We ask if there exists a homomorphism ff from GG to HH, in which f(v)L(v)f(v) \in L(v) for every vV(G)v \in V(G). Feder, Hell, and Huang [JGT~2003] proved that LHom(HH) is polynomial time-solvable if HH is a bi-arc-graph, and NP-complete otherwise. We are interested in the complexity of the LHom(HH) problem in graphs excluding a copy of some fixed graph FF as an induced subgraph. It is known that if FF is connected and is not a path nor a subdivided claw, then for every non-bi-arc graph the LHom(HH) problem is NP-complete and cannot be solved in subexponential time, unless the ETH fails. We consider the remaining cases for connected graphs FF. If FF is a path, we exhibit a full dichotomy. We define a class called predacious graphs and show that if HH is not predacious, then for every fixed tt the LHom(HH) problem can be solved in quasi-polynomial time in PtP_t-free graphs. On the other hand, if HH is predacious, then there exists tt, such that LHom(HH) cannot be solved in subexponential time in PtP_t-free graphs. If FF is a subdivided claw, we show a full dichotomy in two important cases: for HH being irreflexive (i.e., with no loops), and for HH being reflexive (i.e., where every vertex has a loop). Unless the ETH fails, for irreflexive HH the LHom(HH) problem can be solved in subexponential time in graphs excluding a fixed subdivided claw if and only if HH is non-predacious and triangle-free. If HH is reflexive, then LHom(HH) cannot be solved in subexponential time whenever HH is not a bi-arc graph.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2010.03393,
  title  = {Complexity of the list homomorphism problem in hereditary graph classes},
  author = {Karolina Okrasa and Paweł Rzążewski},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.03393},
  year   = {2022}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T19:07:46.974Z